Edouard has worked at the World Bank since 2001, first in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Unit, then at the World Bank Institute, where he worked on governance and anticorruption diagnostics and empirics, and led the Political Economy team. From 2012 to 2015, he was the Senior Governance Specialist for Egypt, Yemen and Saudi Arabia, based in Cairo. He is the lead author of “Rules on Paper, Rules in Practice: Enforcing Laws in the Middle East and North Africa” (2016), and “Better Governance in the Middle East and North Africa” (2003), among other publications. He did his graduate work at the University of Chicago and Georgetown University, and his undergraduate work at the American University of Beirut.